What is in a Name

OHIO
Ashtabula-  From the Indian word for "Fish River".

So the saying "Something fishy in Ashtabula" has roots!

Auglaize-  From the Indian word for "Fallen Timbers".

Coshocton-  From the Delaware word meaning "Union of Waters" or "Black Bear Town".

Cuyahoga-  From the Indian word for "Crooked".

Delaware-  After the tribe.

Erie-  After the Erie Indians, from the word meaning "Long Tail", referring to the wildcat.  Known as the Cat Nation.

Geauga-  From the Indian word for "Raccoon".

Hocking-  From the Delaware words "Hockhock" for "Gourd" or "Bottle" and "Ing" meaning "Place".  So called because the river assumes a bttle-like appearance at that point.

Huron-  After the Huron Indians, derived from the French "Hure" referring to stiff bristled hair worn along the top of the head.

Mahoning-  From the Indian word for "At the Licks".

Miami-  After the tribe, means "Mother".

Muskingum-  From the Indian word for "By the River's Side".

Ottawa-  After the tribe, from "Adawe" for "To Trade" or "Trader".

Pickaway-  After the Piqua tribe, means "As He Is".

Portage-  Named to describe old Indian portages between the Cuyahoga and Mahoning rivers.

Sandusky-  From the Indian word for "Cold Water".

Scioto-  From the Wyandot word for "Deer".

Seneca-  After the tribe, means "The Great Hill People".

Tuscarawas-  From the Indian word for "Open Mouth".

Wyandot-  After the tribe, means "Around the Plains".

MICHIGAN
Allegan-  Shortening of Allegany, from word "Oolikhanna" meaning "Beautiful Stream".

Cheboygan-  From an obscure Indian word probably meaning "Pipe" or "Funnel".

Chippewa-  After the tribe,  Means "To Pucker Up", referring to puckered toe moccasins.

Genesee-  Indian word for "Beautiful Valley".

Gogebic-  From an Ojibway word, meaning uncertain, but may mean "Rock".

Huron-  After the tribe,  from French word "Hure", referring to stiff bristled hair worn along the top of the head.

Iosco-  Indian word for "Shining Water".

Kalamazoo-  From the word for "Otter Tail" or "Stones Like Otters".  May also mean "Beautiful Water".

Kalkaska-  From the Chippewa word for "Burned Over".

Keeweenaw-  From the word for "Canoe Carried Back", or "Carrying Place".

Lapeer-  From the Indian word for flint, translated into French and contracted.

Leelanau-  For a Chippewa maiden, means "Delight of Life".

Lenawee-  From the Indian word for "Man".

Mackinac-  From the word "Michilimackinac", meaning "The Island of The Great Turtle".

Manistee-  Ojibway word for "Lost River", or "Vermillion River".

Mecosta-  For the Potawatomi chief,  means "Bear Cub".

Menominee-  After the tribe, means "Wild Rice Eaters".

Missaukee-  For an Ottawa chief.

Muskegon-  From the Chippewa word for "River With Marshes".

Newaygo-  For an Indian chief, meaning unknown.

Ogemaw-  From the Chippewa word for "chief".

Ontonagon-  From the Indian word for "Lost Dish", or "Fishing Place".

Osceola-  For Ashi Vaholo the Seminole chief,  means "Black Drink Hallower".

Otsego-  From the Indian word for "Place of the Rock".

Ottawa-  After the tribe, from  "Adawe" which means "To Trade", or "Trader".

Saginaw-  Ojibway word for "Sauk Place".

Sanilac-  For the Wyandot chief.

Shiawashee-  From the Indian word for "The River That Twists About".

Washtenaw-  Chippewa word for "River That is Far Off".

MINNESOTA
Anoka-  From the Dakota word for "On Both Sides of the River".

Chippewa-  After the tribe, means To Pucker Up".  Referring to puckered toe mocasins.

Chisago-  From the Indian words "Kichi" for "Large", and "Saga" for "Fair", dropping the first syllables.

Crow Wing-  From the Chippewa word "Kayauge Weguan".

Dakota-  After the tribe, means "Friend" or "Ally".

Isanti-  After the Izatys Indians {Now called Santees}.  Means "Knife" or "One Who Makes Knives".

Kanabec-  From the Ojibway word for "Snake".

Kandiyohi-  From the Sioux word for "Where the Buffalo-Fish Came".

Koochiching-  From the Cree word for "Rainy River".

Mahnomen-  From the Ojibway word for "Wild Rice".

Wabasha-  Named for three successive generations of Indian chiefs. Means "Red Leaf".

Wadena-  From the Ojibway word for "Little Round Hill".

Waseca-  From the Dakota word for "Rich in Provisions".

Watonwan-  From the Dakota word for "Where Fish Abound".

Winona-  For a Dakota woman, the cousin of Wabasha.  Diminutive of "Wino" meaning "Woman".

Yellow Medicine-  From a translation of a Dakota name, referring to Yellow Moonseed Root.  Used as a medicine.

MISSISSIPPI
Attala-  from the Cherokee word "Otale" for "Mountain".

Chickasaw-  After the tribe,  meaning unknown.

Choctaw-  After the tribe, refers to having a flattened head.

Coahoma- For Sweet Coahoma, daughter of the last Choctaw in the area.

Copiah-  From the Indian word for "Calling Panther".

Issaquena-  From the Indian word for "Deer River".

Itawamba-  For an Indian chief, meaning uncertain.

Neshoba-  From the Choctaw word for "Grey Wolf".

Noxubee-  From the Indian word for "Stinking Water".

Oktibbeha-  From the Indian word for "Bloody Water" or "Ice in the Creek".

Pontotoc-  For a Chickasaw chief, means "Weed Prairie".

Tallahatchie-  From the Indian word for "Rock River".

Tippah-  For the wife of a Chickasaw chief, means "Cut-Off".

Tishomingo-  For a Chickasaw chief, means "Warrior Chief".

Tunica-  After the Tunica Indians, means "Those Who are the People".

Yalobusha-  From the Indian word for "Tadpole Place".

Yazoo-  After the tribe,  means "To Blow an Instrument".

MISSOURI
Mississippi-  From the Algonquin words "Missi" for "Great" and "Seepee" for "Water".

Nodaway-  From the Potawatomi word for "Placid".

Osage-  After the Osage Indians.  French corruption of "Waz-Hazhe" for "The People".

Pemiscot-  From the Indian word for "Liquid Mud".



MONTANA

Flathead-  For the Salish Indians.  A name shared by several tribes, some who flattened their infants' heads, and some who had naturally flat heads.

Missoula-  From the Indian word "In-Mis-Sou-Let-Ka" for "River of Awe" or "Water of Surprise".

Pondera-  After the tribe, phonetic spelling of Pend Orielle, the French word for "Ear Pendant".

NEBRASKA
Cheyenne-  After the tribe, Dakota word meaning "Red Talkers".

Dakota-  After the tribe.

Keya Paha-  From the Indian words for "Turtle" and "Hill".

Loup-  From a French translation of the Pawnee word "Skid" meaning "Wolf".

Nemaha-  After the tribe, means "Muddy Water".

Otoe-  After the tribe.  from "Whatohtana" for "Those Who Make Love".  Refers to a band who broke off because of a marriage proposal refused by the brides father.  The couple ran off, and those accompanying them took the name.

Pawnee-  After the tribe.  Probably from Siouan word "Pani", refering to Red Bird Feathers, because of their fondness for colorful feathers.

Sioux-  After the tribe.



NEVADA

Elko-  From the Indian word for "First White Woman".

Washoe-  After the tribe, Originally spelled Wassou or wassuu.  Means "Tall Bunchgrass" or "Eyegrass".



NEW HAMPSHIRE

Coos-  From the Indian word "Cohos" for "Pines".

Merrimack-  From the Indian word for "Sturgeon" or "Swift Water".



NEW JERSEY

Passaic-  From the Indian word for "Peace" or "Valley".



NEW YORK

Allegany-  From the Indian word "Oolikhanna" meaning "Beautiful Stream".  Or possibly from the Allegewi tribe.

Cattaraugus-  From the Seneca word for "Bad Smelling Banks".

Cayuga-  After the tribe.

Chautauqua-  From the Seneca word for "Where the Fish Was Taken Out".

Chemung-  After a Delaware Indian village.

Chenango-  From the Onondaga word for "Large Bull Thistle".

Erie-  After the Erie Indians.  From the word meaning "Long Tail", referring to the wildcat.  Known as the Cat Nation.

Genesee-  From the Indian word for "Beautiful Valley".

Niagara-  From the Indian word for "Bisected Bottom Lands".

Oneida-  After the tribe, means "Standing Stone People".

Onondaga-  After the tribe, means "On the Top Of".

Ontario-  From the Iroquois word for "Beautiful Lake".

Oswego-  From the Iroquois word for "Pouring Out of Waters".

Otsego-  From the Indian word for "Place of the Rock".

Saratoga-  From the Indian word for "The Side Hill".

Schenectady-  From the Mohawk word for "On the Other Side of the Pine Lands".

Schoharie-  From the Mohawk word for "Floating Driftwood".

Seneca-  After the tribe, means "The Great Hill People".

Tioga-  After the Indian village, means "At the Fork".

Wyoming-  After the tribe, means "Upon the Great Plains".



NEW MEXICO

Taos-  From either the Indian word "Tuota" for "Red Willow Place" or "Tuatah" for "At the Village".

NORTH CAROLINA
Allamance-  From the Indian word for "Blue Clay".

Alleghany-  From the Indian word "Oolikhanna" meaning "Beautiful Stream", or possibly for the Allegewi tribe.

Catawba-  After the tribe, meaning unknown.

Cherokee-  after the tribe, Chickasaw word for "Cave People". 

Chowan-  After the tribe, means "They of the South".

Currituck-  After the tribe, said to mean "Wild Geese".

Pamlico-  After the tribe.

Pasquotank-  After the tribe,  Probably means "Tidal Divided River".

Perquimans-  After the tribe.

Wautauga-  After the tribe.

Yadkin-  From the Indian word for "Reatkin".



NORTH DAKOTA

Pembina-  From the Chippewa word for "High Cranberry Bush".

Sioux-  After the tribe 

OKLAHOMA
Adair-  For John Lynch Adair, one of the editors of the Indian Chieftan.

Atoka-  For a Choctaw sub chief.

Caddo-  After the tribe, means "Real Chiefs".

Carter-  For Benjamin Wisnor Carter, a Cherokee and superintendent of the Chickasaw Male Academy.

Cherokee-  Afetr the tribe, Chickasaw word for "Cave People".

Choctaw- After the tribe, refers to having a flattened head.

Comanche-  After the tribe, possibly from Spanish "Camino Ancho" for "Broad Trail".  refers to their travelling spread out rather than in single file.

Craig-  For Granville Craig, a Cherokee.

Creek-  After the tribe, name given by the English because of the large number of streams in their country.

Delaware-  After the tribe.

Garvin-  For Samuel Garvin, a Chickasaw leader.

Johnston-  For douglas H. Johnston, governor of the Chickasaw nation.

Kiowa-  Afetr the tribe, corruption of "KA-I-Gwu" for "Principle People".

Le Flore-  For Greenwood Le Flore, leader of a prominent Choctaw family.

Love-  For a prominent Chickasaw family.

McCurtain-  for Green McCurtain, a Choctaw chief.

McIntosh-  For D.N. McIntosh, a Creek Indian.

Mayes-  For Samuel Houston Mayes, a Cherokee chief.

Muskogee-  After the tribe.

Nowata-  From the Delaware word for "Welcome".

Okfuskee-  For a Creek Indian town located on the Talahoosa River in Alabama.

Oklahoma-  From combined and corrupted Indian words, "Okla" meaning "People" and "Homma" meaning "Red".

Okmulgee-  From the Indian word for "Boiling Water".

Osage-  After the Osage Indians, French corruption of "Waz-Hazhe" for "People".

Ottawa-  After the tribe, From "Adawa" meaning "To Trade" or "Trader".

Pawnee-  After the tribe, probably from the Siouan word "Pani" referring to Red Bird Feathers because of their fondness of colorful feathers.

Pontotoc-  For a Chickasaw chief, means "Weed Prairie".

Pottawatomie-  After the Pottawattamie tribe, from the Algonquin word "Pottawatomink" meaning "People of the Place of Fire".

Pushmataha-  For the Choctaw chief Apushmatacha, means "The Sapling is Ready For Him".

Seminole-  After the tribe, means "Runaway" or "Seperate Ones".

Sequoyah-  For the chief who invented the Cherokee alphabet and published the newspaper The Phoenix.

Tulsa-  From the Indian word "Tulwa", name of a Creek town.

Washita-  From the French derivation Faux Ouachita for "False Washita", as opposed to the true Ouachita of Arizona.


   

OREGON
Clackamas-  after the tribe, meaning unknown.

Clatsop-  After the tribe, means "Dried Salmon".

Coos-  After the tribe, From "Cohos" for "Pines".

Klamath-  After the, tribe meaning unknown.

Multnomah-  After the tribe.

Tillamook-  After the tribe, originally Killamook.  Means "People of the Nekelim".

Umatilla-  After the tribe, meaning unknown.

Wallowa-  From the Nez Perce word for "Tripod of Poles Used to Support Fish Nets".

Wasco-  After the tribe, means "Cup or Bowl Made of Horn".

Yamhill-  After the tribe, meaning unknown.



PENNSYLVANIA

Allegheny-  From the Indian word "Oolikhanna" meaning "Beautiful Stream", or possibly after the Allegewi tribe.

Delaware-  After the tribe.

Erie-  After the Erie Indians, from the word for "Long Tail Cat" referring to the wildcat.  Known as the Cat Nation.

Juniata-  From the Indian word for "Beyond the Great Bend".

Lackawanna-  From the Delaware word "Lechauhanne" for "The Stream That Forks".

Lehigh-  From the Indian word "Lechauwekink" shortened to "Lecha".

Lycoming-  For the Delaware word for "Sandy or Gravel Bed Creek".

Montour-  For Madame Montour, a mixed blood Indian interpreter.

Susquehanna-  From the Indian words "Sisku" for "Mud" and "Hanne" for "River".

Tioga-  After an Indian village, means "At the Fork'.

Venango-  From the Indian word for "A Figure Carved on a Tree".

Wyoming-  After the tribe, means "Upon the Great Plains".



SOUTH CAROLINA

Cherokee-  After the tribe, Chickasaw word for "Cave People".

Oconee-  From the Indian word for "Place of the Springs" or "Water Eyes of the Hills".

Saluda-  From the Indian word for "Corn River".



SOUTH DAKOTA

Brule-  For a Sioux band.  From the Pawnee word "Sicangu" meaning "Burned Thighs".  Later translated to "Brule" which means "Burned" in French.  The name came from when the Pawnees set the prairies on fire, burning a Sioux raiding party.

Fall River-  From a literal translation of an Indian name.

Minnehaha-  From the Sioux word for "Waterfall Where the Water Laughs".

Yankton-  After the tribe, a corruption of the Sioux word "Ihanktonwan" for "End Village".



TENNESSEE

Obion-  From the Indian word for "Many Prongs".

Sequatchie-  from the Indian word for "Hog Trough".

Unicoi-  From the Indian word "Unaka" for "White".

TEXAS
Cherokee-  After the tribe, Chickasaw word for "Cave People".

Comanche-  For the tribe, possibly from Spanish "Camino Ancho" for "Broad Trail" referring to their travelling spread out rather than in single file.

Nocogdoches-  After the tribe.

Panola-  From the Indian word for "Cotton".

Pecos-  After the tribe.

Wichita-  After the tribe, also known as Ouachita.



UTAH

Juab-  From the Indian word "Yoab" for "Thirsty Plain".

Piute-  After the tribe, from "Pai" for "Water" and "Ute" the tribe's name.

Toole-  For Tuilla, an Indian chief.

Uintah-  After the Ute tribe, known as "Yugwintats" said to mean "Pinelands".

Utah- After the tribe. The Apaches and Navajos nicknamed them "Utes" meaning "The Hill Dwelleres" or "Upper People".

Wasatch-  From the Ute word meaning "Mountain Pass".

VIRGINIA
Accomack-  After the tribe, means "Land On the Other Side."

Alleghany-  From the Indian word "Oolikhanna" meaning "Beautiful Stream".  Or possibly after the Allegewi tribe.

Appomattox-  From the Algonquin word for "Sinuous Tidal Estuary".

Nottoway-  After the tribe, means "Rattlesnake".  Meant in the sense of  an untrustworthy enemy.

Powhatan-  For the chief of the Powhatan tribe, means "Falls In a Current of Water".

Rappahannock-  After the tribe, means "Alternating River" (affected by tides).

Roanoke-  From the Indian word for "A Shell Used for Money".

Shenandoah-  From the Indian word for "Sprucy Stream".



WASHINGTON

Asotin-  From the Indian word for "Eel Creek".

Chelan-  From the Indian word for "Deep Water".

Clallam-  From the Indian word for "Brave People".

Cowlitz-  After the tribe, meaning unknown.

Kitsap-  After an Indian chief, means "Brave".

Kittitas-  From the Indian word for "Grey Gravel Bank".

Klickitat-  After the tribe, means "Robber".

Okanogan-  From the Indian word for "Rendezvous".

Pend Oreille-  After the tribe, French word for "Ear Pendant".

Skagit-  After the Indian tribe, meaning unknown.

Skamania-  From the Indian word for "Swift River"'.

Snohomish-  After the Indian tribe, means "Union".

Spokane-  From the Indian word for "Chief of the Sun" or "Child of the Moon".

Wahkiakum-  For a Chinook chief, meaning unknown.

Walla Walla-  From the Indian word for "Many Waters".

Whatcom-  From the Indian word "Whuks-Qua-Toos-Ta-Qua" meaning "Creek With the Rumbling Noise" or "Noisy Water".

Yakima-  After the Indian tribe, means "Black Bear".



WEST VIRGINIA

Kanawha-  After the tribe, has been said to mean "Hurricane".

Logan-  For Chief Logan.

Mingo-  After the tribe, from Algonquin "Mingwe" meaning "Stealthy" or "Treacherous".

Monongalia-  From the Indian word "Monongahela" for "Falling in River Bank".

Ohio-  From the Indian word for "Beautiful River".

Pocahontas-  For the daughter of Chief Powhatan.

Wyoming-  After the tribe, means "Upon the Great Plains".



WISCONSIN

Calumet-  From the Indian word for "Pipe".

Chippewa-  After the tribe, means "To Pucker Up", referring to puckered toe moccasins.

Iowa-  After the tribe, means "Sleepy Ones" or "Drowsy Ones".

Kenosha-  From the Indian word for "Pickerel".

Kewaunee-  From Chippewa word "Prairie Hen/Wild Duck".

Manitowoc-  From the Indian word for "Spirit Land".

Marinette-  For Marinette Chevalier, a French/Chippewa mixed blood.

Menominee-  After the tribe, means "Wild Rice Eaters".

Milwaukee-  From the Indian word "Mahn-A-Waukee Seepee" for "Gathering Place By the River".

Oconto-  From the Indian word for "Place of the Pickerel" or "Red River".

Oneida-  After the tribe, means "Standing Stone People".

Outagamie-  From the Ojibway word "O-Dug-Am-Eeg" meaning "Dwellers On the Other Side".  What they called the Fox Tribe.

Ozaukee-  For what the Chippewas called the Sauk Indians, means "People of the Outlet".

Portage-  For old Indian portages between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers.

Sauk-  After the tribe, also called Sac.

Shawano-  From the Chippewa word for "South".

Sheboygan-  From the Indian word for "A Noise Underground"'.

Waukesha-  From the Pottawotami word for "Fox".

Waupaca-  From the Indian word for "White Sand Bottom".

Waushara-  From the Indian word for "Good Land River".

Winnebago-  After the tribe, means "People of Stinking Water".



WYOMING

Niobrara-  After the tribe, from the Omaha-Poca word "Ni-Obthan Tha-Ko" meaning "Spreading Water River".

Teton-  After the tribe, from "Tee-Win-Oh" for "Three Pinacles".

Uinta-  After the tribe, said to mean "Pineland".

Washakie-  For a Shoshoni chief who ruled 60 years, means "Rawhide Rattle".

The meanings of the county names were taken from the book : The American Counties, by Joseph Nathan Kane,  and other reference works.

Home